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Adjektivdeklination (Adjective Endings)

In English an adjective never changes: the old man, an old woman, old friends. In German an adjective in front of a noun almost always takes an ending. The ending depends on the article before it (der, ein or none), on the gender and number of the noun, and on the case. When the adjective is not in front of a noun, for example after sein, werden or bleiben, it has no ending: Der Mann ist alt. but der alte Mann. Grammars call the three sets of endings below weak, mixed and strong.

After der, die, das

CaseMasculineFeminineNeuterPlural
Nominativder alte Manndie alte Fraudas kluge Kinddie alten Männer
Akkusativden alten Manndie alte Fraudas kluge Kinddie alten Männer
Dativdem alten Mannder alten Fraudem klugen Kindden alten Männern
Genitivdes alten Mannesder alten Fraudes klugen Kindesder alten Männer

There are only two endings here: -e in the nominative singular and in the feminine and neuter accusative, and -en everywhere else, including the whole plural. The same endings are used after dieser, jeder, welcher and after alle and beide in the plural: alle klugen Kinder.

After ein, kein, mein

CaseMasculineFeminineNeuterPlural (kein)
Nominativein alter Manneine alte Frauein kluges Kindkeine alten Männer
Akkusativeinen alten Manneine alte Frauein kluges Kindkeine alten Männer
Dativeinem alten Manneiner alten Fraueinem klugen Kindkeinen alten Männern
Genitiveines alten Manneseiner alten Fraueines klugen Kindeskeiner alten Männer

Where ein has no ending of its own (masculine nominative, neuter nominative and accusative), the adjective shows the gender instead: -er as in der, -es as in das. Everywhere else the endings are the same as after der. Possessives such as mein and dein work like ein and kein.

With no article

CaseMasculineFeminineNeuterPlural
Nominativkalter Kaffeekalte Milchkaltes Wasserkalte Getränke
Akkusativkalten Kaffeekalte Milchkaltes Wasserkalte Getränke
Dativkaltem Kaffeekalter Milchkaltem Wasserkalten Getränken
Genitivkalten Kaffeeskalter Milchkalten Wasserskalter Getränke

With no article, the adjective takes the ending that the definite article would have: dem → kaltem, der → kalter. Only the masculine and neuter genitive end in -en, because the noun already shows the case with -s. These endings are used with uncountable nouns, with plurals that have no article, after numbers and after viele, wenige, einige, mehrere and ein paar: zwei kleine Kinder, viele gute Ideen.

Adjectives ending in -el, and those ending in -er after au or eu, drop the e: dunkel → ein dunkles Zimmer, teuer → ein teures Auto. hoch loses its c: ein hohes Haus. A few colour words such as lila and rosa never take endings.

Examples

Wer kennt den neuen Lehrer?Who knows the new teacher?

Er singt immer ein trauriges Lied.He always sings a sad song.

Wohin kann ich meinen schönen Mantel hängen?Where can I hang my nice coat?

Das Auto steht in der alten Garage.The car is in the old garage.

Wir wohnen in einem kleinen Dorf.We live in a small village.

Ich trinke gern kalten Tee.I like drinking cold tea.

Mit freundlichen GrüßenKind regards (at the end of a letter)

Common mistake

Ich habe einen neu Computer. is wrong; correct: Ich habe einen neuen Computer.

In English the adjective has no ending, but in German an adjective before a noun needs one. After einen the ending is -en.

Common mistake

Die neue Schuhe sind bequem. is wrong; correct: Die neuen Schuhe sind bequem.

After die in the plural the ending is always -en. The ending -e after die is only for feminine singular nouns: die neue Jacke.

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Written by: , German teacher · Last updated:

Source: minaaraf.com/en/grammar/adjektivdeklination/ · Written by: Fatih Ün, minaaraf.com · Terms of use: minaaraf.com/en/terms/