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Akkusativ (Accusative Case)

The accusative is the case of the direct object: the person or thing the action is done to. In Ich kaufe den Pullover (I'm buying the jumper), den Pullover is the direct object. Only the masculine articles change in the accusative; feminine, neuter and plural articles keep their nominative form.

Articles in the accusative

CaseMasculineFeminineNeuterPlural
Nominativder / eindie / einedas / eindie / –
Akkusativden / einendie / einedas / eindie / –

The negative article and the possessives follow ein: masculine kein becomes keinen, mein becomes meinen, dein becomes deinen, and so on.

NominativAkkusativ (definite)Akkusativ (indefinite)
der Arztden Arzteinen Arzt
der Zugden Zugeinen Zug
das Sofadas Sofaein Sofa
das Regaldas Regalein Regal
die Rechnungdie Rechnungeine Rechnung
die Schuledie Schuleeine Schule

Finding the direct object

Ask Wen? (whom) for a person or Was? (what) for a thing. Was is also the nominative question word, so for things the article is the more reliable clue. English shows the object only in pronouns (he → him); German also shows it on the masculine article, so a masculine object can come first without changing who does what:

Der Hund sieht den Mann.The dog sees the man.

Den Mann sieht der Hund.It's the man that the dog sees.

The pronouns have accusative forms too: mich, dich, ihn, sie, es, uns, euch, sie, Sie; see personal pronouns.

Examples

Der Lehrer verbessert den Satz.The teacher corrects the sentence.

Anna öffnet das Fenster.Anna opens the window.

Wir suchen einen Ball.We're looking for a ball.

Der Hund jagt eine Katze.The dog is chasing a cat.

Kannst du mir meine Brille geben?Can you pass me my glasses?

Ich habe keinen Hunger.I'm not hungry.

Common mistake

Ich habe ein Bruder. is wrong; correct: Ich habe einen Bruder.

haben takes a direct object, so the noun is in the accusative. Bruder is masculine, so ein becomes einen.

Common mistake

Ich suche für meinen Schlüssel. is wrong; correct: Ich suche meinen Schlüssel.

English says "look for", but suchen takes a direct object with no preposition.

es gibt: there is, there are

English there is and there are usually become es gibt. The verb stays gibt even when English says there are, and the noun is always in the accusative. For something in a particular place, German often uses a verb such as liegen, stehen or sein instead: Auf dem Tisch liegt ein Buch. (There's a book on the table.)

Hier gibt es einen Supermarkt.There's a supermarket here.

Es gibt keinen Parkplatz.There's no parking space.

Gibt es hier gute Restaurants?Are there any good restaurants here?

Common mistake

Hier gibt es ein Supermarkt. is wrong; correct: Hier gibt es einen Supermarkt.

es gibt always takes the accusative. Supermarkt is masculine, so ein becomes einen.

Other uses of the accusative

Time phrases with a noun and no preposition are in the accusative: jeden Tag (every day), nächsten Monat (next month), letzten Sommer (last summer).

The prepositions durch, für, gegen, ohne and um always take the accusative: für den Lehrer (for the teacher), ohne einen Schirm (without an umbrella). With in, an, auf and a few other prepositions, the accusative shows a direction: Ich gehe in den Park. For a location they take the dative: Ich bin im Park.

A small group of masculine nouns, mostly words for people and animals, also take the ending -n or -en (they are called weak nouns): der Junge → den Jungen, der Student → den Studenten, der Nachbar → den Nachbarn.

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Source: minaaraf.com/en/grammar/akkusativ/ · Written by: Fatih Ün, minaaraf.com · Terms of use: minaaraf.com/en/terms/